Quick guide to Fluoride
Read the full guide
Description
Fluoride is not classed as an essential nutrient but because of its strengthening effect on bones and teeth, it is officially considered to be a beneficial element in humans. The use of fluoride in water remains controversial.
Absorption and metabolism
Excess fluoride is excreted in the urine.
Deficiency
Fluoride deficiency may lead to tooth decay.
Sources
Sources include water, tea, meat, fish, cereals and fruit. The fluoride content of food varies with the location in which the food is grown. The table on page 239 can be used as a guide.
Daily recommended dietary intakes
- Men - 3.8 mg
- Women - 3.1 mg
- Children (6 to 12 months) - 0.5 mg
- Children (4 to 8 years) - 1.1 mg
- Children (9 to 13 years) - 2.0 mg
Toxic effects of excess intake
Toxic effects include mottling of the teeth, dermatitis and bone abnormalities.
Therapeutic uses of supplements
Fluoride supplements have been used to treat tooth decay, osteoporosis and otosclerosis (a loss of hearing due to deposits in the ear). Fluoride supplements may be useful in areas where the water is not fluoridated but, as with water fluoridation, their use is controversial. Sodium fluoride is the least toxic form of fluoride supplement.